The other three structures are the Akapana Pyramid, the Kalasasaya Platform, and the Subterranean Temple. Puma Punku shatters all traditional views on ancient cultures. 130+ Puma Punku Stock Photos, Pictures & Royalty-Free Images - iStock Wikimedia CommonsWhat we have left today of Pumapunku. Beneath the kilometer of arid earth that separates Pumapunku from the nearby Kalasasaya monument, archeologists and surveyors have discovered hundreds of buried homes and the evidence of vast irrigation systems that would have turned the surrounding desert green. Reconstructing ancient architecture at Tiwanaku, Bolivia: the potential Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}163342S 684048W / 16.56169S 68.67993W / -16.56169; -68.67993. The Pumapunku complex consists of an unwalled western court, a central unwalled esplanade, a terraced platform mound that is faced with stone, and a walled eastern court. In the past, the Tiwanaku culture had made the area an agricultural and trading center which may have supported up to 400,000 people during its heyday. After Akapana, which is believed to be "Pumapunku's twin", Pumapunku was the second most important construction in Tiwanaku. The Non-Mystery of Puma Punku - Skeptoid There are varying reports on the weight of the largest stones ranging from 140 tons to 800 tons, with the larger number often provided by sources leaning towards alternative explanations on how the site was built. As for Puma Punku, a radiocarbon date was obtained from the lowermost and oldest layer of mound fill. Puma Punku ruins, Tiahuanaco, Bolivia . Skeptic Brian Dunning, the host of the Skeptoid podcast, described the sites row of H-shaped blocks that have approximately 80 faces on them; and all matching each other with great precision. MAP RSS Baidu Google Bing so Sogou SM. Were there Puma Punku ancient aliens whose technology remains ignored? Why would it take them so damn long to come up with the transition from hunter/gatherers to agriculture/civilization only about 7000 years ago? Even the Mayans state the world had been destroyed and rebuilt seven (?) Puma Punku, Tiwanaku - Tripadvisor Is it a stretch to suggest that a form of cement could have been formed and finished in the making of these stones? After Akapana, which is believed to be "Pumapunku's twin", Pumapunku was the second most important construction in Tiwanaku. Ernenweini, E. G., and M. L. Konns, 2007, Williams, P. R., N. C. Couture and D. Blom, 2007. Built over 800 years ago from massive basalt rocks, this lost city is nestled in the dense jungle and mangroves. Puma Punku is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site in Bolivia that is steeped in wonder and mystery. Anyone interested in the history of warfare or weaponry should make sure to look at ancient Egyptian weapons and how the Egyptian armies utilized their technological superiority. ,". A Strange Story Untold: A Cryptic Rock in France, Ancient Protection: Using Apotropaic Magic to Ward Off Evil, Amateur Historian Finds Ancient City & Discovery Changes Human Timeline, New Evidence Ties Younger Dryas Impact With Gobekli Tepe. The Pumapunku complex is an alignment of plazas and ramps centered on the Pumapunku platform mound. A neighboring complex appears to have burned, and some vessels that appear to have been dedicated to food storage were smashed. It was once an earthen mound with carved red sandstone walls that would have shone in the sun. Another group of archaeologists used the carbon dating method to date the construction of Puma Punku to between 400-600 AD. It is world-known for its unusual precision of placement and cutting of . The complex also boasted a central promenade and wide courtyards to the east and west that were paved with slabs of stone so astonishingly large that paranormalists have hypothesized alien intervention. In addition, some of the stones were held together with copper fasteners, some of which were cold hammered into shape, and others that were poured into place molten.. In sharp contrast, the cramps used at the Akapana canal were fashioned by the cold hammering of copper-arsenic-nickel bronze ingots. The blocks were fit together like a puzzle, forming load-bearing joints. To support this theory, they point to the evidence that some structures, including the Gate of the Sun, werent brought down by time or looters; they were deliberately torn down and broken. [11], Noted by Andean specialist, W. H. Isbell, professor at Binghamton University,[2] a radiocarbon date was obtained by Vranich[3] from organic material from the deepest and oldest layer of mound-fill forming the Pumapunku. Posnansky, who worked at the site for decades, estimated that Puma Punku was far older than academics surmised. And then one day, suddenly, the inhabitants of Pumapunku vanished and a great civilization came toppling down. Top Image: Megalithic cut stones at the Puma Punku archaeological site, Tiwanaku, Bolivia. They are whats left of a stunning architectural feat accomplished by a society that predates even the Inca: the Tiwanaku. [3], The largest of Pumapunku's stone blocks is 7.81 metres (25.6 feet) long, 5.17 metres (17.0 feet) wide, averages 1.07 metres (3feet 6inches) thick, and is estimated to weigh about 131 tonnes (144 short tons). [33] According to Protzen and Nair the fact that many of these "model stones" were executed in multiple exemplars bespeaks mass production. Bernab Cobo reports that one Gateway and one "window" was still standing on one of the platforms.[6]. Wikimedia CommonsThe Pumapunku archeological site. The concept of cataclysm is very common in almost all mythologies and religions. The Pumapunku complex is an alignment of plazas and ramps centered on the Pumapunku platform mound. What is it, what was it? Available at: https://amarilo.com.co/blog/especial/el-misterio-de-puma-punku/, Ancient-Wisdom, (n.d.) Puma Punku. Ancient-Wisdom. It remains to be shown whether their forays into other dimensions offered these early people a special insight into how to create their megaliths or even how to contact beings who could teach them advanced methodologies. Puma Punku Stone Blocks Bolivia. Mapcarta, the open map. 11,000-Year-Old Shigir Idol Dated Twice as Old as the Pyramids, John Anthony West: Pioneer of Ancient Civilization Theories Passes Away, Scientists Think Our Ancestors Spoke One Mother Language. In this isolated part of the world stand amazing smooth stone structures featuring precision-made cuts, clean right angles, and expertly fitted joints. Civilizations like the Assyrians, ancient Egyptians, the Maya, the Indus Valley peoples, and many others the world over were, if true, the second wave of civilizations, not the first. Robinson, Eugene (1990). Generally it is agreed that the large red sandstone blocks were quarried about 10 km (6.21 miles) away from Puma Punku and the smaller, more ornamental andesite was sourced about 90 km (55.92 miles) away on the shores of Lake Titicaca. However the Tiwanaku complex was suddenly abandoned sometime around 1000 AD. In assembling the walls of Pumapunku, each stone interlocked with the surrounding stones. They call it "strikingly consistent choice of technical means" ("auffallend bereinstimmenden Wahl der technischen Mittel") which they think is due to "similar patterns in human way of thinking" ("Gesetzmssigkeit der menschlichen Denkentwickelung"). According to some research, the human species has been around for up to 200,000 years, and has been pretty smart from the start. Although similar, the blocks do not have the same dimensions. Topographic and plan view of the Pumapunku - ResearchGate Unfortunately, weather isnt the only factor that has harmed the site. Today, Puma Punku is little more than an assortment of interesting weather-worn stone ruins at first glance, but scholars believe it was once a wonderous site for the Tiwanaku culture. Several stones have been repurposed for other construction projects, and scholars also believe that many pieces of jewelry, ornaments, metal artifacts, and bright potsherds have been dug up and removed. [14] According to the art historian Jessica Joyce Christie, the experiments of Jean-Pierre Protzen and Stella Nair showed that the Tiwanaku artisans may have possessed additional tools which facilitated the creation of exact geometric cuts and forms and of which archeology has no record at this time.[15]. Pumapunku or Puma Punku is a 6th-century man-made terraced platform mound with a sunken court and monumental complex on top that is part of the Pumapunku complex, at the Tiwanaku Site near Tiwanacu, in western Bolivia. However, the most emblematic horse in . As the population of the Tiwanaku society grew, so too did the number of skilled craftsmen and artisans. Sun Gate at Tiwanaku, Bolivia. Beltane is an ancient Gaelic festival celebrating the beginning of summer and the renewal of life. [12][18] The unique copper-arsenic-nickel bronze alloy is also found in metal artifacts within the region between Tiwanaku and San Pedro de Atacama during the late Middle Horizon around 600900. The lake is the origin point of the great bearded god - Viracocha, who was said to have emerged from the waters on to the Island of the Sun, created a team of stone or mud giants and instructed them to build all the megalithic sites and carve statues of their great god along the Path of Viracocha, that included . Appearing to depict modern or extraterrestrial vehicles, some claim that the Turkeys atalhyk settlement, which developed between 7,500 BC and 6,400 BC, is often referred to as the worlds first, and oldest, metropolitan city, and for good reason. (99) The maps in question are preserved in the "Institute Tihuanacu de Antropologa, Etnologa y Prehistoria", La Paz, Miraflores, Calle Pinilla 556, founded by the author in the year 1914 with his own funds and without the aid of governments, institutions, or private individuals. Though its clear the writing is in the roman alphabet, its meaning remains indecipherable. Based on the specific gravity of the red sandstone from which it was carved, this stone slab is estimated to weigh 131 tonnes (144 short tons). Puma Punku (Pumapunku, Puma Puncu) which means door of the puma, is part of a larger archaeological complex known as Tiahuanacu ( Tiwanaku), and is considered one of the most important sites of Andean archaeology. The Tiwanaku people who inhabited Puma Punku were polytheistic and had a special focus on agriculturally-themed gods. The geophysical data collected from these surveys and excavations indicate the presence of numerous man-made structures in the area between the Pumapunku and Kalasasaya complexes. Some skeptics claim that the alien theory is nonsense, leaving Puma Punku debunked. Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu Wants to Clone Scythian Army, Possible Million-Year-Old Tools Unearthed in Sudan Could Change Human History, Archeologists Puzzled by Hundreds of Egyptian Tombs from Pre-Dynastic Era, Ancient Cave Painters Starved Themselves of Oxygen to Hallucinate, The Zone of Silence: An Ancient Mystery of Old Mexico, The Legend of Crystal Skulls Emerges From the Mayan Jungle. [4] The precision with which these angles create flush joints is indicative of sophisticated knowledge of stone-cutting and a thorough understanding of descriptive geometry. [55] In the 2019 issue of Public Archaeology, Franco D. Rossi of Johns Hopkins University criticizes that ancient alien theorists have called the Aymara "stone age people" who could not have built Pumapunku. Visitors still marvel at the geometric wonders of the matching H-shaped blocks with approximately 80 faces placed in a row, and the precise cuts and the regularity of the stones suggesting prefabrication and mass production were employed. Several conflicting theories attempt to imagine the ways this labor force transported the stones, although these theories remain speculative. [7], The other stonework and facing of the Pumapunku consists of a mixture of andesite and red sandstone. The Inca people accepted those legends and added that Viracocha their creator god (and the figure depicted on the Sun Gate in their interpretation) first made humans at that site. If anything remembers me of Tiahuanaco it is [] the T-shaped sockets and the regularly coursed masonry of strongly altered andesite. [47], The Tiwanaku civilization and the use of these enclosures and platform mounds appears to peak from AD 700 to 1000, by which point, the city core and surrounding area could house 400,000 residents. David Childress, the author of Lost Cities and Ancient Mysteries of South America, noted that the massive chunks of granite were seemingly scattered around like childrens toy blocks as if a giant cataclysm laid waste to Puma Punku in one fell swoop. Puma Punku is one of the most mysterious places on Earth. A New Look at Puma Punku and the H-Block Mystery, page 1 [32] Some of these "model stones" like "little Pumapunku" are not isolates stones but, rather, seem to fit in the context of other stones and stone fragments. Then much later, the black-headed people came across the Bering and claimed the ruins and all the non-ferrous metals. This layer was deposited during the first of three construction epochs and dates the initial construction of the Puma Punku at 1510 25 B.P. Tags: Andalusia. Brian Dunning, the host of the Skeptoid podcast, described the sites row of H-shaped blocks that have approximately 80 faces on them; and all matching each other with great precision. And then one day, suddenly, the inhabitants of Pumapunku vanished and a great civilization came toppling down. [9][10], After the area was mapped with a drone in 2016, the results showed the site has a size of seventeen hectares of which only two hectares are unearthed. Since the radiocarbon date came + Upload your own .pgn files to your database. Archaeologists are baffled by what Puma Punku was and how it looked, said Childress. Their creator god is believed to be depicted in the famous Sun Gate , which many scholars think was once located at Puma Punku and only later moved to Kalassaya. The architectural historians Jean-Pierre and Stella Nair who conducted the first professional field study on the stones of Tiwanaku/Pumapunku conclude: [] to obtain the smooth finishes, the perfectly planar faces and exact interior and exterior right angles on the finely dressed stones, they resorted to techniques unknown to the Incas and to us at this time. Archaeological evidence suggests that it once had large courtyards on the eastern and western sides and a wide courtyard at the center. She is the Chief Editor of Ancient Origins Magazine. Available at: https://www.ancient-origins.net/unexplained-phenomena/stonework-0011405, Vranich, A. These excavation trenches also demonstrated the lack of any pre-Andean Middle Horizon cultural deposits within the area of the Tiwanaku Site adjacent to the Pumapunku complex. From legends handed down to the Incas and Spanish conquerors, and from whats left of Tiwanaku monuments, archeologists have pieced together a compelling picture of Tiwanaku religious beliefs. Archaeologist Reconstructs Ruins of Tiwanaku Temple in Bolivia Using 3 Then, at the great civilizations peak, everything came crashing down. For a time, the stone portraits found at Tiwanaku were believed to depict those first humans. See our, Here we are, a century-and-a-half later, and irrepressible rumors continue to grow that Puma Punkus massively heavy stone block structures were cut so precisely that, the ruins were reminiscent of a giant Lego set, and he said, We attempted to capitalize on archaeologists learned ability to visualize and mentally rotate irregular objects in space by providing them with 3-D printed objects that they could physically manipulate., that Puma Punku was an advanced Andean architectural achievement. One fact that is undeniable, however, is that the entire region and its people were important in the ancient world of South America. . Stone portraits Tiwanaku, Bolivia. The ruins of Pumapunku, where the open courtyard was likely to have stood. A reed boat on Lake Titcaca. On the northeast and southeast corners of the complex, rectangular projections measuring roughly 88 feet in length each extend beyond the basic shape of the mound, giving the site somewhat of a T-shaped design. Plague, one of the deadliest diseases in human history, has a haunting legacy of mass sickness and destruction. The purpose of the enormous structures has yet to be explained. Pumapunku, also spelled Puma Punku, is the remains of a holy site in the jungles of Bolivia that has attracted much attention as of late. Ecolodge Puma Punku is situated nearby to Embarcadero de Pilcu and Pilko Kaina. Puma punku was a terraced earthen mound originally faced with megalithic blocks, each weighing several tens of tons. Modern archaeologists are not about to entertain the idea of using lasers, ancient alien visitations, or otherworldly means of transporting blocks of stone for miles without any mechanized vehicles. UFO Author Will Lead Exploration of Rendlesham Forest Encounters Site, Debunking the Aryan Race Myth and Separating Fact from Fiction, Mysterious Lake Monster Causes Underwater Eruption (Video), The Black Death and Beyond: Uncovering the Secrets of Plague's Deadly Legacy (Video), The Kings Champion: Medieval Coronation Roles, With a Twist, Digging the Deep Blue: Challenges and Triumphs in Underwater Archaeology, The Roman Empire: A Story of Power, Glory, and Tragedy, The Mongol Onslaught: When Ukraine Fell to the Horde (Video), The Not-So-Romantic Truth About Life in Ancient Greece (Video). The architecture found in the ruins astounds archaeologists and historians and has inspired advanced ancient civilization and ancient alien theories. In western Bolivia, a dramatic collection of stones, the remains of a vast temple complex, stand guard over an arid plane. Pumapunku or Puma Punku is a 6th-century T-shaped and strategically aligned man-made terraced platform mound with a sunken court and monumental structure on top that is part of the Pumapunku complex, at the Tiwanaku Site near Tiwanacu, in western Bolivia. Debunking the Mystery of the Abydos Carvings, A First of Its Kind - 8,500-Year-Old Wooden Ladder Found at atalhyk. Archeologists estimate that at its peak between 700 and 1,000 CE, the Tiwanaku site (a cluster of monuments that includes Pumapunku) was occupied by some 400,000 people. February 5, 2023. by Dean Johnston. It contains the largest stone slab in the Pumapunku and Tiwanaku Site, measuring 7.8 metres (26 feet) long, 5.2 metres (17 feet) wide and averages 1.1m (3ft 7in) thick. Originally in English - 2021 Dale: Puma Punku. Available at: https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4202, Newman, H. (2018) New Discoveries at Tiwanaku & Puma Punku: The Lost Statue of Viracocha and Secret Rooms of Hidden Artifacts. Ancient Origins. Visual History Online-Nachschlagewerk fr die historische Bildforschung: "Palaces and Politics in the Andean Middle Horizon", "The secrets of Tiwanaku, revealed by a drone", Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, "Drugs Found in Hair of Ancient Andean Mummies", "Reckoning with the Popular Uptake of Alien Archaeology", Interactive Archaeological Investigation at Pumapunku Temple, "Skeptoid #202: The Non-Mystery of Puma Punku", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pumapunku&oldid=1152279530, an alignment of plazas and ramps centered on a man-made terraced platform mound with a sunken court and monumental complex on top, sifted and layered soils (mound), andesite (superstructure), sandstone (foundation and internal channels), ternary CuAsNi bronze alloy (cramps), mortar of lime and sand with ground-up malachite (turquoise green plaster floor), clay (red floor), This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 07:51. ( Matyas Rehak /Adobe Stock). #pumapunku #pumapunkudrillholes #pumapunkubolivia Lying in a remote valley in the Andes, Puma Punku has been a puzzle for experts for decades. [56], "nested square" symbol inside one "H-block". By alternating layers of sand from the interior and layers of composite from the exterior, the fills overlap at the joints, grading the contact points to create a sturdy base. Did The Vikings Use a Solar Stone Crystal to Navigate Cloudy Seas? Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. Andalusia is home to excellent breeds, and has a host of stud farms for Arabian, Anglo-Arabian, Hispano-Arabian, English horses. + Create your own database. chessprime.com One of the great enigmas of the modern era washed up on the shores of Plougastel-Daoulas, a small village in France, 300 miles west of Paris, and is now attracting international attention. Interviews with modern day stonemasons have revealed that even with todays advanced technology, it would be extremely difficult to replicate the precision observed in the stones found at Puma Punku. The second largest stone block at Puma Punku is 7.90 meters (25.9 ft.) long, 2.50 meters (8.20 ft.) wide, and 1.86 meters (6.10 ft.) thick. It is little wonder that Puma Punku continues to draw in curious minds with so many unanswered questions and alternative theories available to understanding its origins and creation.

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