[101] Norman clergy were appointed to replace the deposed bishops and abbots, and at the end of the process, only two native English bishops remained in office, along with several continental prelates appointed by Edward the Confessor. [94] Waltheof was married to William's niece Judith, daughter of his half-sister Adelaide,[95] and a marriage between Edwin and one of William's daughters was proposed. Who Were William the Conqueror's Sons? | History Hit and Maine. Although a mere two or three days' ride away at Abbeville, Robert did not attend William's deathbed or funeral. It was an annual tax based on the value of landholdings, and it could be collected at differing rates. [2], William left England towards the end of 1086. William I the Conqueror King of England was born about 1028, in Falaise, Calvados, Normandy, France as the son of Robert Ier ' le Magnifique ' Duc de Normandie and Herleva de Falaise. There were apparently no Grays on the Mayflower. The thigh bone currently in the tomb is assumed to be the one that was reburied in 1642, but the Victorian historian, Lewis "Breteuil, Roger de, earl of Hereford", Danish king had brought a large fleet to England, Norman conquest of England Consequences, "Edward (St Edward; known as Edward the Confessor) (1003x51066)", "William I (known as William the Conqueror)", "Breteuil, Roger de, earl of Hereford (fl. In 1072 William invaded Scotland, defeating Malcolm, who had recently invaded the north of England. Orderic also related that Odo had attempted to persuade some of William's vassals to join Odo in an invasion of southern Italy. This band of young men went to the castle at Remalard, where they proceeded to raid into Normandy. himself there. A papal embassy arrived in England during this period, asking that William do fealty for England to the papacy, a request that he rejected. Included among them were Robert of Belleme, William de Breteuil, and Roger, the son of Richard fitzGilbert. Arguing that Edward had previously promised the throne to him and that Harold had sworn to support his claim, William built a large fleet and invaded England in September 1066. Medieval writers criticised William for his greed and cruelty, but his personal piety was universally praised by contemporaries. The listings describe the holding, who owned the land before the Conquest, its value, what the tax assessment was, and usually the number of peasants, ploughs, and any other resources the holding had. Gray who was slain at the second battle of St. Albans, 1461. of the duke of Suffolk, with Mary, daughter of Henry VII and the sister Later English sources stated that Harold had been elected as king by the clergy and magnates of England. In addition to ending both invasions, the battle allowed the duke's ecclesiastical supporters to depose Archbishop Mauger. The Grays were in Wales by 1283 when King Edward created new Marcher [132], Besides taxation, William's large landholdings throughout England strengthened his rule. Descendants He escaped and, by traveling Ralph was bottled up in Norwich Castle by the combined efforts of Odo of Bayeux, Geoffrey de Montbray, Richard fitzGilbert, and William de Warenne. thelred and Emma's two sons, Edward and Alfred, went into exile in Normandy while their mother, Emma, became Cnut's second wife. Marcher Lords. [24] Although many of the Norman nobles engaged in their own private wars and feuds during William's minority, the viscounts still acknowledged the ducal government, and the ecclesiastical hierarchy was supportive of William. From a Boston Transcript clipping in the Durfee film 804977, "Clarkes Each shire was administered by a royal official called a sheriff, who roughly had the same status as a Norman viscount. afterward queen of Edward IV; Thomas Grey, created Marquis of Dorset in [37], In February 1054 the king and the Norman rebels launched a double invasion of the duchy. left Tiverton to settle all across the country. Other sons were granted earldoms later: Gyrth as Earl of East Anglia in 1057 and Leofwine as Earl of Kent sometime between 1055 and 1057. de Gray, equitum signifer to King William". [1][8][d] He was the only son of Robert I, son of Richard II. William I (c. 1028 - 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman monarch of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087.A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. Collections Online | British Museum called Gray. of John included John Lord Grey of Groby who married Elizabeth Wydville, [78] William of Poitiers also relates that the duke obtained the consent of Pope Alexander II for the invasion, along with a papal banner. A further blow was the death of Queen Matilda on 2 November 1083. According to the Norman writer William of Jumiges, William had meanwhile sent an embassy to King Harold Godwinson to remind Harold of his oath to support William's claim, although whether this embassy actually occurred is unclear. There is no record of the reason from the Council, and the main evidence is from Orderic Vitalis. repeated in mixed company." up to that time in Plymouth. changed to DeGray and then to Gray. [25], King Henry continued to support the young duke,[26] but in late 1046 opponents of William came together in a rebellion centred in lower Normandy, led by Guy of Burgundy with support from Nigel, Viscount of the Cotentin, and Ranulf, Viscount of the Bessin. His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders. [80], After defeating Harald Hardrada and Tostig, Harold left much of his army in the north, including Morcar and Edwin, and marched the rest south to deal with the threatened Norman invasion. Lordships. London, S.E., 1892, states that John Gray of that place had the following [2] William assumed power in Normandy, and shortly after the battle promulgated the Truce of God throughout his duchy, in an effort to limit warfare and violence by restricting the days of the year on which fighting was permitted. The Gray family history is a long and distinguished one. of the same family, which had emigrated to this country and made their Horrible Facts About William The Conqueror, The Invader King - Factinate Although some of the newly rich Normans in England came from William's close family or from the upper Norman nobility, others were from relatively humble backgrounds. If John Tebbel is correct in his book "Turning The World Upside Down", On his father's death in 1035, William was recognised by his family as the heir - an . He received from Robert the Castle and honor Her rule was contested by Robert, Baldwin's brother. It seems that a British soldier He left his half-brother Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux, in charge of England along with another influential supporter, William fitzOsbern, the son of his former guardian. issue has continued in Scotland." Edgar was proclaimed king by his supporters. 2, 1589 and married on October 6, 1606 to Elizabeth Ward. [60] The trip is unlikely given William's absorption in warfare with Anjou at the time. Sam is supposed to be buried at the old Granery Burying Ground near In that year he gave Rhuthun to Reginald de Grey. [96] Once in Normandy the new English king went to Rouen and the Abbey of Fecamp,[94] and then attended the consecration of new churches at two Norman monasteries. He also allowed his son Robert Curthose to do homage to the new Count of Anjou, Geoffrey the Bearded. The seal shows a mounted knight and is the first extant example of an. [31] To address the growing power of the Count of Anjou, Geoffrey Martel,[32] William joined with King Henry in a campaign against him, the last known cooperation between the two. in time of war and helped build it in peacetime. [55] Most of the income came from the ducal lands, as well as from tolls and a few taxes. man shot, but the first to die at the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770. [129], The medieval chronicler William of Malmesbury says that the king also seized and depopulated many miles of land (36 parishes), turning it into the royal New Forest region to support his enthusiastic enjoyment of hunting. William the Conqueror - Ancestry.com Andrew Morton Carr Descendant of the right-hand general Ker of William the Conqueror. [99] Waltheof, who had joined the revolt, submitted, along with Gospatric, and both were allowed to retain their lands. By 1031 Robert had gathered considerable support from noblemen, many of whom would become prominent during William's life. [45] Contemporary writers considered the marriage, which produced four sons and five or six daughters, to be a success. Biography Norman King; known as William the Bastard; Duke of Normandy as William II (1035-1087); King of England as William I (1066-1087). Perhaps another stipulation of the treaty was the expulsion of Edgar the theling from Malcolm's court. Robert was accused by some writers of killing Richard, a plausible but now unprovable charge. Gray Family History - Brigham Young University [98], While at Winchester in 1070, William met with three papal legates John Minutus, Peter, and Ermenfrid of Sion who had been sent by the pope. [2] William then marched to Southwark, across the Thames from London, which he reached in late November. Norman coins had a much lower silver content, were often of poor artistic quality, and were rarely re-minted. children: Richard, baptized August 1608, buried October 9, 1613. Gytha Thorkelsdttir, Harold's mother, offered the victorious duke the weight of her son's body in gold for its custody, but her offer was refused. William the Conqueror, conquered in the 'Norman Conquest' -- Norman here being code for French. Edward Gray, son of John of Stapleford, the progenitor of this branch The first of this line Famous Descendants of William the Conqueror of England The soldier [82] Although Harold attempted to surprise the Normans, William's scouts reported the English arrival to the duke. It resulted in a work now known as the Domesday Book. [84], The battle began at about 9am on 14 October and lasted all day, but while a broad outline is known, the exact events are obscured by contradictory accounts in the sources. He then proceeded to buy off the Danes. William and Malcolm agreed to peace by signing the Treaty of Abernethy, and Malcolm probably gave up his son Duncan as a hostage for the peace. Robert raided into Lothian and forced Malcolm to agree to terms, building a fortification (the 'new castle') at Newcastle upon Tyne while returning to England. [79] Harold kept his forces on alert throughout the summer, but with the arrival of the harvest season he disbanded his army on 8 September. Instead, some of the English clergy and magnates nominated Edgar the theling as king, though their support for Edgar was only lukewarm. of the family was in Plymouth in 1643. He was of Viking extraction. [6], After Cnut's death in 1035, the English throne fell to Harold Harefoot, his son by his first wife, while Harthacnut, his son by Emma, became king in Denmark. The Grays in Ireland, usually [28] William of Poitiers claimed that the battle was won mainly through William's efforts, but earlier accounts claim that King Henry's men and leadership also played an important part. One story, deriving from the Vita dwardi, a biography of Edward, claims that he was attended by his wife Edith, Harold, Archbishop Stigand, and Robert FitzWimarc, and that the king named Harold as his successor. At an early period there were also Grays The period from 1047 to 1054 saw almost continuous warfare, with lesser crises continuing until 1060. George Herbert Walker Bush (1924- ), 41st President of the US. (Former King of England (1066 - 1087)) William the Conqueror was the Duke of Normandy, who later became the King of England. [27] In early 1047 Henry and William returned to Normandy and were victorious at the Battle of Val-s-Dunes near Caen, although few details of the actual fighting are recorded. [104], In 1071 William defeated the last rebellion of the north. This made Emma of Normandy his great-aunt and Edward the Confessor his cousin. [51] Examination of William's femur, the only bone to survive when the rest of his remains were destroyed, showed he was approximately 5feet 10inches (1.78m) in height. [110] However, Edgar was forced to submit to William shortly thereafter, and he returned to William's court. In 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor, William invaded England, leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. of Gray have sprung, (IV) William de Grey and (V) Henry de Grey. Gray Family of Tiverton, RI. homes in the New World. Between 1066 and 1072, William spent only 15 months in Normandy and the rest in England. Lady Jane Grey (r. 10-19 July 1553) | The Royal Family On the death Gray Family of Tiverton, RI - RootsWeb The surname Gray emerged as a notable Scottish family name in the county of Northumberland where they were recorded as a family of great antiquity seated with manor and estates in that shire. The early castles were simple earth and timber constructions, later replaced with stone structures. records. had two sons, both named John. The king marched through Edwin's lands and built Warwick Castle. He crossed back and forth between the continent and England at least 19 times between 1067 and his death. The Grays were closely allied with the Royal house of England and were [9][g] Robert I also had a daughter, Adelaide, by another mistress. [22] Yet another guardian, Osbern, was slain in the early 1040s in William's chamber while the duke slept. The administrative machinery of Normandy, England, and Maine continued to exist separate from the other lands, with each one retaining its own forms. captured Reginald. Earl Edwin was betrayed by his own men and killed, while William built a causeway to subdue the Isle of Ely, where Hereward the Wake and Morcar were hiding. The Danes then raided along the coast before returning home. Census records every ten years and an occasional mention in a A John Gray was buried May 28, 1658. Most years saw the rate of two shillings per hide, but in crises, it could be increased to as much as six shillings per hide. William of Poitiers wrote glowingly of William's reign and its benefits, but the obituary notice for William in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle condemns William in harsh terms. John Gray was married before going to Stapleford, and [87] The available sources are more confused about events in the afternoon, but it appears that the decisive event was Harold's death, about which differing stories are told. By the time of his marriage, William was able to arrange the appointment of his supporters as bishops and abbots in the Norman church. Sam The Bellme family, whose lands were quite strategically placed between their three different overlords, were able to play each of them against the other and secure virtual independence for themselves. The diploma is dated 8th January 1639, * which was afterwards ratified in parliament, 17th November 1641. there were at least twenty different families of Grays, or different branches At first, Alan of Brittany had custody of the duke, but when Alan died in either late 1039 or October 1040, Gilbert of Brionne took charge of William. Museum number . Although English and Norman forces remained on alert throughout 1085 and into 1086, the invasion threat was ended by Cnut's death in July 1086. Gray instead of Grey is almost universally used in the different branches [q] Another reason for the appointment may have been pressure from the papacy to appoint Lanfranc. A Marcher Lordship passed from an Owain to son-in-law John Charleton. His consolidation of power allowed him to expand his horizons, and he secured control of the neighbouring county of Maine by 1062. Although this was William's first defeat in battle, it did little to change things. Their forces landed near Bristol but were defeated by Eadnoth. [145], William's reign has caused historical controversy since before his death. [50] He was strong enough to draw bows that others were unable to pull and had great stamina. For example, England continued the use of writs, which were not known on the continent. British Monarch. William spent most of his time in England between the Battle of Hastings and 1072, and after that, he spent the majority of his time in Normandy. Who Was The Real William The Conqueror? - YouTube [138] He was taken to the priory of Saint Gervase at Rouen, where he died on 9 September 1087. by George Washington as a privateer during the Revolutionary War. Other bequests included gifts to the Church and money to be distributed to the poor. York was captured by the combined forces of Edgar and Sweyn. Although Orderic Vitalis describes it as starting with a quarrel between Robert and his two younger brothers, William and Henry, including a story that the quarrel was started when William and Henry threw water at Robert, it is much more likely that Robert was feeling powerless. of Tiverton had a son William whose son Robert was the discoverer of the Although Odo remained in confinement for the rest of William's reign, his lands were not confiscated. William I 'The Conqueror' (r. 1066-1087) | The Royal Family Although some sort of formal assembly probably was held, it is unlikely that any debate took place, as the duke had by then established control over his nobles, and most of those assembled would have been anxious to secure their share of the rewards from the conquest of England. in and about London. Stigand submitted to William there, and when the duke moved on to Berkhamsted soon afterwards, Edgar the theling, Morcar, Edwin, and Ealdred also submitted. [107][r] Philip, although thwarted in this attempt, turned his attentions to Brittany, leading to a revolt in 1075. http://members.aol.com/rinewpor/famhist.html. During the 17th and 18th centuries, some historians and lawyers saw William's reign as imposing a "Norman yoke" on the native Anglo-Saxons, an argument that continued during the 19th century with further elaborations along nationalistic lines. Samuel Gray, son of Edward of Tiverton, moved to Boston and could be [112], The exact reason for the rebellion is unclear, but it was launched at the wedding of Ralph to a relative of Roger, held at Exning in Suffolk. [97] FitzOsbern and Odo found it difficult to control the native population and undertook a programme of castle building to maintain their hold on the kingdom. William then laid siege to Gerberoi in January 1079. Born in the United States. To deal with Norman affairs, William put the government of Normandy into the hands of his wife for the duration of the invasion. He was not known as a patron of authors, and there is little evidence that he sponsored scholarships or other intellectual activities. [113] Ralph's authority seems also to have been less than his predecessors in the earldom, and this was likely the cause of his involvement in the revolt. Though he spoke a dialect of French and grew up in Normandy, a fiefdom loyal to the French . was a son of Gray in Chillingham, Northumberland, England, who came to told him what kind of work he could do "in language that can't be "They built castles far and wide, oppressing the unhappy people", wept the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 1066. [p] The Danish king had brought a large fleet to England and attacked not only York but Exeter and Shrewsbury. that Edward and Thomas were to inherit. On his southbound journey, he began constructing Lincoln, Huntingdon, and Cambridge Castles. of that parish for some years. They were John, Elizabeth, Edward, Sarah, Thomas and Rebecca. [140][w], The immediate consequence of William's death was a war between his sons Robert and William over control of England and Normandy.

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