Do you agree with this alignment? <> Kansas City, MO: "All of the dishes in Thelma's Cafe rattled noisily, but none crashed off the shelves. Ft. Smith, AR: "Drinkers at the Moose Lodge complained of tainted liquor at the lodge bar, after a number of drinkers reported feeling a strong swaying sensation. (Grade M.Sc. Let's start with a disclaimer, which for some may be obvious: the Richter scale is not widely used anymore, but it still happens to be mentioned erroneously in the news from time to time. May feel like heavy truck passing by. simulated, basing on either actually recorded or synthesized 3-D digital strong-motion data. Underground pipelines completely out of service. The effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface is called the intensity. What Should I Do Before, During, and After an Earthquake? Warning, earthquake! a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). ", 16. Accessibility | Privacy Notice Considerable damage to poorly built structures. Earthquake Calculator. Strength Comparison A Modified Mercalli Intensity of six is abbreviated as MMI 6. W.H. "', 7. A measure of earthquake intensity. Students learn about the Mercalli Scale for rating earthquakes.copyrightCopyright http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/US_Navy_110320-M-0145H-063_A_large_ferry_boat_rests_inland_amidst_destroyed_houses_after_a_9.0_earthquake_and_subsequent_tsunami_struck_Japan_March.jpg. ", 17. (Grade PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. Use it as the earthquakes' magnitude calculator to compare two earthquakes' magnitudes. Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! It measures the effects of an earthquake at a given location, distinguished from the earthquake's inherent force or strength as measured by seismic magnitude scales (such as the "Mw" magnitude usually reported for an earthquake). Thanks also extend to T. Pailoplee for the preparation of the draft manuscript. WebWhat is the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale? If the earthquake was associated with a tsunami or volcanic eruption, it is flagged A variety of hazards result from natural processes (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions). Magnitude scales, like the moment magnitude, measure the size of the earthquake at its source. List of major earthquake events in Myanmar and adjacent area that had been reported the macroseismic intensity in term of isoseismal maps. For many years the most widely used was a 10-point scale devised in 1878 by Michele Stefano de Rossi and Franois-Alphonse Forel. See below Earthquake magnitude. '", 14. The most important rules to remember are drop, cover, and hold on: Drop to the ground onto your hands and knees. (ed. Trees, bushes shake. Springfield, IL: "Most of the hotel guests were abruptly awoken by a strong tremor last night", 25. Often, several slightly different magnitudes are reported for an earthquake. In this study, the previously reported isoseismal maps are compiled and used to carefully investigate the macroseismic intensity in terms of the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale, based on the engineering ground-motion parameter, as the peak ground acceleration (PGA), inferred from the ground-motion attenuation characteristic of Myanmar. This is a public event. Underground pipes broken. Intensity ratings are expressed as Roman numerals between I at the low end and XII at the high end. Duration can be estimated. Krinitzsky, E.L. and Chang, F.K. There are many ways of protecting buildings from earthquakes, such as friction pendulums you can read about them in the article accompanying the damping ratio calculator. We sometimes assign points to a homework assignment to rate how well we did. ", 5. Moment Magnitude Explained: What Happened to the Richter Scale? The most important thing to remember is the fact that in the Richter scale, wave amplitudes are taken into account. within type by subtype, then by grade, etc. Serious damage to dams, dikes, embankments. Trifunac, M.D. Can you think of any examples? Poplar Bluff, MO: "Even commuters driving to work felt the severe quake", 24. The Mercalli scale is particularly useful for comparing modern earthquakes with those that occurred before the era of seismographic recording (i.e., prior to 1900)-and for providing estimates of earthquake location, focal depth, and magnitude for these early events. Felt indoors. WebABBREVIATED MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY SCALE; REFLECTION QUESTIONS; Contributors and Attributions; Magnitude and Intensity measure different characteristics of earthquakes. There are two commonly-used ways of rating earthquakes: 1) the Richter scale and 2) the Mercalli Scale. How they think engineers and scientists measure earthquake damage? Measuring Earthquakes: Intensity and Magnitude - QUEST - KQED (1999) TriNet Shakemaps: rapid generation of peak ground motion and intensity maps for earthquakes in southern California. After that, on 5th May 1930, a Mw-7.3 earthquake occurred again in southern Myanmar, generating a maximum MMI level of IX. A significant earthquake is classified as one that meets Louisville, KY: "The Captain's Restaurant reported $3000 damage due to broken china and glassware. It is common to find intensities ranging by 1 unit in a neighbourhood, and not unusual to find values 2 or more. A Modified Mercalli Intensity of six is abbreviated as MMI 6. Many old wooden buildings have collapsed into the street, and virtually all of the brick buildings are destroyed. The contents of this digital library curriculum were developed under a grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE), U.S. Department of Education, and National Science Foundation GK-12 grant no. These range from imperceptible shaking to catastrophic California's Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989 was a 7.1. A good website to visit is: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/ngdc.html. These data are necessary for earthquake hazard assessments and mitigation efforts. (1997) Equations for estimating horizontal response spectra and peak acceleration from western North American earthquakes: a summary of recent work. =\YUgeFY#r\Qsa7`og:_:U7h|3o bR9c[O?qCvm(3yoQ^JJ[6t^C5b&jk$ox*o u&l[j}psjs.vBt/T@U_t/GONY|LP +:i.&TpN;0gM[URRY" WebA new 3-D earthquake simulator with a vibrating platform approximately 7 by 4 meters, has recently been. V. Felt outdoors; direction may be estimated. Earthquake Intensity Many poor buildings damaged, Significant damage. Alternative scales have been developed in both Japan and Europe for local conditions. Counts toward Master of Disaster badge. Pictures fall off walls. ""Many residents ran into the street in panic during the severe shaking, though building damage was mostly restricted to a few cracked chimneys. Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Nested under units are lessons (in purple) and hands-on activities (in blue). However, it is recognized that there is a significant level of uncertainty in estimating ground motions (i.e., PGA) from the existing isoseismal maps by this process. How Do Scientists Predict Tsunamis After Earthquakes? Part three of our introduction to seismology series is an exercise about the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale which is used by seismologists to determine the magnitude and epicenter of earthquakes of the past. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 94, 1728-1736. ", 12. Intensity. Motions up to an intensity VIII+ in the MM Scale can be. The series of MMI-PGA data are distinguished by different symbols and the numbers correspond to the isoseismal maps in Figure 1. What is the Modified Mercalli intensity Scale? - Quora 3 - Chicago, IL: "Many residents of the Windy City reported a strong tremor last night; some sleepers were awakened by what they described as 'a loud, crashing sound. above, whereas two earthquakes were located in the southern and northern parts of Thailand. Tell students to label and illustrate the cover. Felt by persons at rest, on upper floors, or otherwise favourably placed to sense tremors. Log In or Register. Table 1. Make sure you understandEarthquake! Ground badly cracked. WebFirst, measure the scale on the map in Figure 13.13 in centimeters, and use that to convert your distances in kilometers to centimeters (ex. Lexington, KY: "Mama Leone's Restaurant reported that several plates and dishes fell off of their shelves and broke. Springfield, MO: "Doors and windows rattled, but no damage reported.". Modified Mercalli intensity VIII is roughly correlated with peak accelerations of about one-quarter that of gravity ( g = 9.8 metres, or 32.2 feet, per second squared) and ground velocities of The 12-point Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale describes how an earthquake is felt and the damage that it The scale was developed at the turn of the century by the Italian volcanologist G. Mercalli, and subsequently revised by American seismologists H.O. $1 million or more), magnitude 7.5 or greater, Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) X Don't stop under bridges, overpasses, trees, or power lines. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K [access date]. shaking. It may be helpful to put the scale up on the board and read it aloud with the students. Quality, Department {0,W7au]n{~y _aXV,k2m!J}UMv}xG?o?zW2Qeu,3Q~1trX&EYNLf5{}2C]|*+]n|=rxStH\Y#e\nX|_H^5E]4[:+fWxPBJLnty@6v 'ygb ~6\[K.|%TZl!DRE)Dgu[6*>(O[y=Tr1 Most masonry and frame structures destroyed with their foundations. Noticed by drivers of automobiles. WebThe Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale is commonly used in the United States by seismologists seeking information on the severity of earthquake effects. Branches broken from trees. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Bloomington, IN: "Most of Bloomington's population ran into the streets during the height of the shaking. Few structures standing. With respect to seismic hazards, Myanmar is one of the earthquake-prone areas in Mainland Southeast Asia. Visualization Exercise 02 - Oxford University Press ground. ", 8. VIII. We thank the Publication Counseling Unit (PCU), the Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University for a critical review and improved English. Practically for each MMI level, there is more than one value or the source-to-site-distances (i.e., the MMI boundary is not a perfect circle), and consequently the average distance was used. developed in 1931. Neumann, F. (1954) Earthquake intensity and related ground motion. Brown, J.C. and Leicester, P. (1933) The Pyu earthquake of 3rd and 4th December, 1930 and subsequent Burma earthquakes up to January 1932. WebThe most commonly used earthquake intensity scale is the Modified Mercalli earthquake intensity scale. The above table shows the approximate relationship Note: The contour lines should not go through the intensity points, but should go between intensity pointsi.e., separate areas of one intensity from another. Thesis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok. The Mercalli Scale was used earlier than the Richter Scale. In comparison with these, the MMI-PGA relationship for Myanmar reported here illustrates that in the same engineering ground-motion level, that is the same PGA level, the MMI of Myanmar is reported at a lower level than those for the other region until level V. Figure 2. %PDF-1.5 Damage nearly total. Units serve as guides to a particular content or subject area. Description of Source: The Significant Earthquake database originated from the Significant Earthquake Catalog This is a web site through which Some heavy furniture moved, some plaster falls. Draw isoseismal lines (contour lines that connect areas of equal intensity) on the map to separate areas reporting one intensity from those reporting another. Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, 653. It describes the damage left by an earthquake, not the actual force of the earthquake. Ask the students: With Words and Pictures: Have students write a sentence on the bottom of each page of their information booklet describing their illustration of the Mercalli Scale rating. Shabestari, K.T. Small slides and caving along. Ground cracked noticeably. http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/general/handouts/mercalli.html, Did You Feel It? Fall of plaster, loose bricks, stones, tiles, cornices. Layer the three pieces of white copy paper in one stack with one piece of construction paper on top for the cover. WebThe U.S. employs the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale, which uses Roman numerals from I (not felt) to X (extreme). Based on the resultant MMI-PGA calibration, the obtained relationship appears as a function of. Intensity ratings and Wenbin, S. (2010) Seismic hazard maps of Yangon and its surrounding areas. Landslides. Refer to the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale page on the US Geological Charles Richter developed the logarithmic scale in 1935 to compare local earthquakes the ones in southern California with an epicenter of up to 370 miles (600 km) from the seismograph. There are two commonly-used ways of rating earthquakes: 1) the Richter scale and 2) the Mercalli Scale. Read the newspaper reports for each city and assign Mercalli intensity values to each of the reporting areas based on the classifications in Table 1 above. Comparison of MMI-PGA relationship determined from this study (thick black line) and the others proposed previously for different regions. Small bells ring (church, school). Get to an open space if possible. Wide cracks in Apart from the fact the scale was intended to be for a specific area only, seismographs from that period weren't as sensitive as they are today they could measure only certain frequencies, meaning that low frequencies were lost, and large earthquakes were underestimated. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. xms6g&/&f2M%Wf? @q&E8@~! Even sports teams have different levels to make sure that teams with the same ability play each other. What to do during an earthquake? The Modified Mercalli intensity scale ( MM, MMI, or MCS ), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli 's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. Earthquake Formation: Crust, Plates, Currents, Drift and Faults, Testing Model Structures: Jell-O Earthquake in the Classroom, Tsunami Attack! Jefferson City, MO: "Hotel residents complained of a sound like 'a truck crashing into the building. ;f:3+f*yZReIxRu3V>5?}k~&K7/E*y You may be wondering how "big" is that? II: Felt by a few people, especially on upper floors. However, according to the limitations of the available PGA data in Myanmar, in particular for the past 100 years of earthquake events that are reported only as isoseismal maps, then here the PGA is assumed for this calibration. Most of them were generated from the Sagiang Fault Zone of Myanmar, as mentioned, 1) 23rd May 1912 2) 23rd May 1912 3) 8th August 1929 4) 5th May 1930 5) 3rd December 1930 6) 4th December 1930 7) 4th December 1930 8) 21st March 1954 9) 8th October 2006 10) 12th December 2006. Vibrations are similar to those caused by the passing of light trucks. Microearthquakes, usually not felt. It occurred in the afternoon, lasted for 10 minutes, and caused tsunamis that affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, New Zealand, Australia, and the Aleutian Islands. Rating earthquakes helps engineers determine which ones are going to cause the most damage so they can warn people in advance. Paducah, KY: "A number of old brick buildings collapsed during the quake, though most of the newer buildings survived with little damage. Slight structural damage. Brown, J.C. (1914) The Burma earthquake of May 1912. 13.5: Lab Exercise (Part A) - Geosciences LibreTexts As a result, five isoseismal maps were contributed and published [7,8]. Total damage. the measurement of the maximum motion recorded by a seismograph. Considerable damage and Papazachos, B.C. Evansville, IN: "The smokestack of the Sterling Brewery collapsed in downtown Evansville. A 12-point abridged form of the modified Mercalli scale is provided below. Then drop, cover, and hold on, as objects may be thrown at you from the side. Tremor Troop Earthquakes, Federal Emergency Management Waves seen on ground. Felt by very few people; barely noticeable. U.S. Department of Commerce, Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords, Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords, Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords, Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords, National endobj The most probable position of the epicentre is often assumed to be at a point inside the area of highest intensity. Teachers Association. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS the maps scale of 100 km = 2.1 cm on your ruler, so if you had a measured distance from one station of WebModified Mercalli Intensity Scale Instrumental: detected only by instruments Very feeble: noticed only by people at rest Slight: felt by people at rest Like passing of a truck Vil Vill x injuries, houses destroyed, and houses damaged, and $ dollage damage estimates. difference between earthquake magnitude and Persons walk unsteadily. The database provides information In final, the MMI-PGA relationship is contributed using the linear regression. <>>> Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 4, 425-435. Other intensity scales are used in some countries. We understand that enormous energy values expressed in joules are not very intuitive or informative, so we have chosen a few earthquake energy equivalents if you've ever wondered what magnitude of earthquake an atomic bomb or volcanic eruption is equivalent to, this earthquake magnitude calculator has the answer. ", 20. Ground badly cracked. Some walls collapse. Owen Hall General panic. Chimneys may be slightly damaged. For example, MMI 6 corresponds to a peak ground velocity of about 50 mm/s.Intensity is easy to use, even for historic earthquakes. III. www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/cub_natdis_lesson03_activity3, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, Natural Disasters: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Tornadoes & More. Masks are expected for indoor activities. Rails bent greatly. destruction, designated by Roman numerals. How Do We Measure an Earthquakes Intensity? - Commack WebIn the United States, we use the Modified Mercalli (MMI) Scale. Ground cracking, Most buildings destroyed. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 46, 317-320. Testing Model Villages in Big Waves, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth. 5), Develop and communicate an evidence based scientific explanation around one or more factors that change Earth's surface Landslides. The Richter magnitude is based on the wave amplitude recorded by seismographs. The first of these, the Mandalay earthquake, was generated at the central part of the Sagiang Fault Zone and the second, the Tounggyi earthquake, occurred in the Moei-Tounggyi Fault Zone [4,5] eastwards of Myanmar. Then, on 3rd - 4th December 1930, two earthquakes of approximately the same magnitude (~Mw 7.3) in Pyu and Yangon, respectively, were reported [8]. Earthquake Magnitude, Energy Release, and Shaking Intensity the USGA can use the Mercalli Scale of Intensity to map out ground Total damage. Branches broken from trees, General panic. to Present (1979). Modified Mercalli intensity VIII is roughly correlated with peak accelerations of about one-quarter that of gravity (g = 9.8 metres, or 32.2 feet, per second squared) and ground velocities of 20 cm (8 inches) per second. The aforementioned catalog was an expansion 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192. An earthquake has one magnitude. Please understand that by attending and participating you are granting IU permission to use your image in photographs and videos to promote Science Fest and other outreach activities in the future. In some cases, instrumental data verify this calculation, but not infrequently the true epicentre lies outside the area of greatest intensity. Brainstorm with the students how they might illustrate one of the pages. Natural Science Vol.4No.8A(2012), Article ID:21664,7 pages DOI:10.4236/ns.2012.428082, Relationship between Modified Mercalli Intensity and peak ground acceleration in Myanmar, Earthquake and Tectonic Geology Research Unit (EATGRU), Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Pailoplee.S@gmail.com, Received 27 June 2012; revised 25 July 2012; accepted 11 August 2012, Keywords: Isoseismal Map; Modified Mercalli Intensity; Peak Ground Acceleration; Myanmar. and damage. Catalog of Significant Earthquakes 2000 B.C. From Figure 2, it is revealed that the series of MMIPGA calibration vary in individual MMI range. Felt by many indoors, few outdoors. The Mercalli Scale is based on observable earthquake damage. Decayed pilings broken off. A modified version of his scale is still in use today. Noticeable indoors, especially on upper floors. 2 0 obj The European (MSK) scale of 12 grades is similar to the abridged version of the Mercalli. However, because of the many unsymmetrical geologic factors influencing intensity, the curves are often far from circular. Earth Homepage | UCMP 2006-2013 Scientific Research Publishing Inc. All rights reserved. Several scales of measurement have been developed. WebThe Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale provides scientists with a method to quantify the shaking generated by an earthquake, as experienced at any point at the earths surface. In case of no shelter, hold on to your head and neck with both arms and hands. The MSK scale is the most recent, has 12 values that approximate but are not the same the Modified Mercalli values, and is used extensively in Europe.Intensity values can be correlated with other measures of ground motion, such as displacement, velocity and acceleration. Small objects are displaced or upset. At each location assign EARTHQUAKE! Part 3 Science Fest Miraculously, because of the late hour, no one was hurt by the crashing tower. A new relationship between macroseismic intensity and engineering ground-motion parameter is contributed for the Myanmar region by comparing the MMI gathered from 10 isoseismal maps with the inferred PGA.

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