VEDANTAM: So I want to talk about a debate that's raged in your field for many years. We don't want to be like that. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness can seem more elusive the harder we chase it, and what we can do instead to build a lasting sense of contentment. But if you prefer life - the unpredictability of life - then living language in many ways are much more fun. And if you can enjoy it as a parade instead of wondering why people keep walking instead of just sitting on chairs and blowing on their tubas and not moving, then you have more fun. Whats going on here? Later things are on the right. podcast pages. We couldnt survive without the many public radio stations that support our show and they cant survive without you. This week, we continue our look at the science of influence with psychologist Robert Cialdini, and explore how th, We all exert pressure on each other in ways small and profound. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. All rights reserved. But also, I started wondering, is it possible that my friend here was imagining a person without a gender for this whole time that we've been talking about them, right? And what we find is that if you teach people that forks go with men grammatically in a language, they start to think of forks as being more masculine. 00:51:58 - We all have to make certain choices in life, such as where to live and how to earn a living. Special thanks to Adam Cole, who wrote and performed our rendition of "The Hokey Pokey." And very competent adults of our culture can't do that. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. FDA blocks human trials for Neuralink brain implants. Newsletter: Something new will have started by then, just like if we listen to people in 1971, they sound odd in that they don't say like as much as we do. They give us a sense that the meanings of words are fixed, when in fact they're not. It takes, GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be, bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into. All of the likes and, like, literallies (ph) might sometimes grate on your nerves, but John McWhorter says the problem might be with you, not with the way other people speak. this is hidden brain I'm Shankar Vedantam in the classic TV series Star Trek Mister Spock has a foolproof technique for accurately reading the thoughts and feelings of others the Vulcan mind I am Spock you James our minds are moving closer most most here are kind of hard we have new technology that gives us direct access to the minds of others so It's just how I feel. Hidden Brain: You, But Better on Apple Podcasts 50 min You, But Better Hidden Brain Social Sciences Think about the resolutions you made this year: to quit smoking, eat better, or get more exercise. Parents and peers influence our major life choices, but they can also steer us in directions that leave us deeply unsatisfied. I know-uh (ph) is there, or something along the lines of babe-uh (ph). We convince a colleague to take a different tactic at work. And in fact, speakers of languages like this have been shown to orient extremely well - much better than we used to think humans could. These relationships can help you feel cared for and connected. Goal Striving, Need Satisfaction, and Longitudinal Well-being: The Self-Concordance Model, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Andrew J. Elliot, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1999. And I can't help surmising that part of it is that the educated American has been taught and often well that you're not supposed to look down on people because of gender, because of race, because of ability. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #4: (Speaking foreign language). This week, we're going to bring you a conversation I had in front of a live audience with Richard Thaler, taped on Halloween at the Willard Intercontinental Hotel in Washington, D. Richard is a professor of behavioral sciences and economics at the University of Chicago and is a well-known author. It is the very fabric, the very core of your experience. In The Air We Breathe : NPR MCWHORTER: Yes, Shankar, that's exactly it. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. I think it's a really fascinating question for future research. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? Stay with us. Hidden Brain. This is HIDDEN BRAIN. Thank you for helping to keep the podcast database up to date. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways we can find joy and happiness in our everyday lives. Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? And the answer should be, north, northeast in the far distance; how about you? I just don't want to do it. MCWHORTER: Yeah. So if you took a bunch of those tendencies, you could make up, say, the English of 50 years from now, but some of the things would just be complete chance. And, I mean, just in terms of even sounds changing and the way that you put words together changing bit by bit, and there's never been a language that didn't do that. - you would have to say something like, my arm got broken, or it so happened to me that my arm is broken. They know which way is which. Hidden Brain Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Subscribe Visit website Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our. All sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain are managed by SXM Media. But then you start writing things down and you're in a whole new land because once things are sitting there written on that piece of paper, there's that illusion. The fun example I give my students is imagine playing the hokey pokey in a language like this. So to go back to the example we were just talking about - people who don't use words like left and right - when I gave those picture stories to Kuuk Thaayorre speakers, who use north, south, east and west, they organized the cards from east to west. HIDDEN BRAIN < Lost in Translation: January 29, 20189:00 PM ET VEDANTAM: Well, that's kind of you, Lera. GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way. So it's easy to think, oh, I could imagine someone without thinking explicitly about what they're wearing. Persuasion: Part 1 - Transcripts Another possibility is that it's a fully integrated mind, and it just incorporates ideas and distinctions from both languages or from many languages if you speak more than two. And it irritates people, but there's a different way of seeing literally. Lost In Translation- Hidden Brain Podcast Transcript .pdf What techniques did that person use to persuade you? I said, you know, this weird thing happened. There was no way of transcribing an approximation of what people said and nobody would have thought of doing it. We lobby a neighbor to vote for our favored political candidate. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page, sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain. : A Data-Driven Prescription to Redefine Professional Success, by Lawrence S. Krieger and Kennon M. Sheldon, George Washington Law Review, 2015. And if the word bridge is masculine in your language, you're more likely to say that bridges are strong and long and towering - these kind of more stereotypically masculine words. So the way you say hi in Kuuk Thaayorre is to say, which way are you heading? Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. VEDANTAM: Around the world, we often hear that many languages are dying, and there are a few megalanguages that are growing and expanding in all kinds of ways. According to neuroscientists who study laughter, it turns out that chuckles and giggles often aren't a response to humorthey're a response to people. And so he suggested it might be the case that the arbitrarily assigned grammatical genders are actually changing the way people think about these days of the week and maybe all kinds of other things that are named by nouns. And they asked me all kinds of questions about them. We'd say, oh, well, we don't have magnets in our beaks or in our scales or whatever. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #3: (Speaking foreign language). But as Bob Cialdini set out to discover the keys to influence and persuasion, he decided to follow the instincts of his childhood. If a transcript is available, you'll see a Transcript button which expands to reveal the full transcript. Hidden Brain: You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose on Apple Podcasts GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way, and you can just - it rolls off the tongue, and you can just throw it. Hidden Brain : NPR Of course, you also can't experience anything outside of time. Of course, if you can't keep track of exactly seven, you can't count. Because it was. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness can seem more el, When we want something very badly, it can be hard to see warning signs that might be obvious to other people. We'll begin with police shootings of unarmed Black men. So you can think about an un-gendered person in the same way that I might think about a person without a specific age or specific height or specific color shirt. What turns out to be the case is that it's something in between - that bilinguals don't really turn off the languages they're not using when they're not using them. Which I think is probably important with the reality that this edifice that you're teaching is constantly crumbling. But I don't think that it's always clear to us that language has to change in that things are going to come in that we're going to hear as intrusions or as irritating or as mistakes, despite the fact that that's how you get from, say, old Persian to modern Persian. How big are the differences that we're talking about, and how big do you think the implications are for the way we see the world? And so language changed just like the clouds in the sky. If you are a podcaster, the best way to manage your podcasts on Listen Notes is by claiming your Listen Notes How do you balance the imperative of teaching correct usage? So I think it's an incredible tragedy that we're losing all of this linguistic diversity, all of this cultural diversity because it is human heritage. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #3: (As character) I'm willing to get involved. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. If you're studying a new language, you might discover these phrases not in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. Hidden Brain Host Explains Why We Lie to Ourselves Every Day If you prefer to listen through a podcast app, here are links to our podcast on Apple, Spotify, and Stitcher. If I give you a bunch of pictures to lay out and say this is telling you some kind of story and you - and they're disorganized, when an English speaker organizes those pictures, they'll organize them from left to right. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. So you can't know how the words are going to come out, but you can take good guesses. Hidden Brain - You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Hidden Brain Aug 2, 2021 You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Play 51 min playlist_add Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the. There's been a little bit of research from economists actually looking at this. It's part of a general running indication that everything's OK between you and the other person, just like one's expected to smile a little bit in most interactions. BORODITSKY: Thank you so much for having me. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. So there are some differences that are as big as you can possibly measure. As someone who works in media, I often find that people who can write well are often people who know how to think well, so I often equate clarity of writing with clarity of thought. It's testament to the incredible ingenuity and complexity of the human mind that all of these different perspectives on the world have been invented. VEDANTAM: Languages orient us to the world. It goes in this pile. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. He's a defender of language on the move, but I wanted to know if there were things that irritated even him. And so I was trying to keep track of which way is which. Additional Resources Book: If you're just joining us, I'm talking to John McWhorter. And as you point out, it's not just that people feel that a word is being misused. Hidden Brain Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Science 4.6 36K Ratings; Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. But somehow they've managed, not just by randomly bumping into each other. Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. There was no such thing as looking up what it originally meant. Lera said there's still a lot of research to be done on this. BORODITSKY: Well, you would be at sea at first. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. Watch Your Mouth | Hidden Brain : NPR There's a way of speaking right. If you liked . As you're going about your day, you likely interact with family, friends and coworkers. I think that the tone that many people use when they're complaining that somebody says Billy and me went to the store is a little bit incommensurate with the significance of the issue. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. And what he found was kids who were learning Hebrew - this is a language that has a lot of gender loading in it - figured out whether they were a boy or a girl about a year sooner than kids learning Finnish, which doesn't have a lot of gender marking in the language. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. But the reason that it seems so elusive is because we don't really think about the, quote, unquote, "meaning" of things like our conversation-easing laughter. Please do not republish our logo, name or content digitally or distribute to more than 10 people without written permission. So bilinguals are kind of this in-between case where they can't quite turn off their other languages, but they become more prominent, more salient when you are actually speaking the language or surrounded by the language. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: (Speaking foreign language). VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. When we come back, we dig further into the way that gender works in different languages and the pervasive effects that words can play in our lives. Transcript - How language shapes the way we think by Lera Boroditsky.docx, The Singapore Quality Award requires organisations to show outstanding results, The following lots of Commodity Z were available for sale during the year, b The authors identify 5 types of misinformation in the abstract but discuss 7, 17 Chow N Asian value and aged care Geriatr Gerontol Int 20044521 5 18 Chow NWS, Writing Results and Discussion Example.docx, A 6 month old infant weighing 15 lb is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration, ng_Question_-_Assessment_1_-_Proposing_Evidence-Based_Change.doc, The Social Security checks the Government sends to grandmothers are considered A, 03 If a covered member participates on the clients attest engagement or is an, AURETR143 Student Assessment - Theory v1.1.docx. So new words are as likely to evolve as old ones. And I did that. by Harry T. Reis, Annie Regan, and Sonja Lyubomirsky, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2021. This is Hidden Brain. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. He says there are things we can do to make sure our choices align with our deepest values. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. And it really is an illusion that what language is, is something that sits still. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. BORODITSKY: One thing that we've noticed is this idea of time, of course, is very highly constructed by our minds and our brains. Whats going on here? You can search for the episode or browse all episodes on our Archive Page. When we come back, I'm going to ask you about why languages change and whether there are hidden rules that shape why some words are more likely to evolve than others. VEDANTAM: If you're bilingual or you're learning a new language, you get what Jennifer experienced - the joy of discovering a phrase that helps you perfectly encapsulate a feeling or an experience. There are many scholars who would say, look, yes, you do see small differences between speakers of different languages, but these differences are not really significant; they're really small. How To Breathe Correctly For Optimal Health, Mood, Learning We can't help, as literate people, thinking that the real language is something that sits still with letters written all nice and pretty on a page that can exist for hundreds of years, but that's not what language has ever been. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. BORODITSKY: I had this wonderful opportunity to work with my colleague Alice Gaby in this community called Pormpuraaw in - on Cape York. Language as it evolved was just talking to an extent that can be very hard for we literate people to imagine. And one day, I was walking along, and I was just staring at the ground. Who Do You Want To Be? - Hidden Brain (pdcast) | Listen Notes If you're bilingual or multilingual, you may have noticed that different languages make you stretch in different ways. If you dont see any jobs posted there, feel free to send your resume and cover letter to [emailprotected] and well keep your materials on hand for future openings on the show. VEDANTAM: If you have teenagers or work closely with young people, chances are you'll be mystified by their conversations or even annoyed. Sociologist Lisa Wade believes the pervasive hookup culture on campuses today is different from that faced by previous generations. The best Podcast API to search all podcasts and episodes. John, you've noted that humans have been using language for a very long time, but for most of that time language has been about talking. If a transcript is available, youll see a Transcript button which expands to reveal the full transcript. You would never know, for example, that - give you an example I've actually been thinking about. And I thought, wow, first of all, it would be almost impossible to have a conversation like that in English where you hadn't already revealed the gender of the person because you have to use he or she. This week on Hidden Brain, we revisit a favorite episode exploring what this culture means Jesse always wanted to fall in love. Transcript 585: In Defense of Ignorance Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. VEDANTAM: John McWhorter, thank you so much for joining me on HIDDEN BRAIN today. And so for example, if the word chair is masculine in your language, why is that? If you grew up speaking a language other than English, you probably reach for words in your native tongue without even thinking about it. The Effective Negotiator Part 1: The Behavior of Successful Negotiators and The Effective Negotiator Part 2: Planning for Negotiations, by Neil Rackham and John Carlisle, Journal of European Industrial Training, 1978. Does a speaker of a language, like Spanish, who has to assign gender to so many things, end up seeing the world as more gendered? 00:55:27 Hidden Brain Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button You know, it's Lady Liberty and Lady Justice. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. Hidden Brain - KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV But what most people mean is that there'll be slang, that there'll be new words for new things and that some of those words will probably come from other languages. Cholera and malnourishment await Somalis fleeing . And all of a sudden, I noticed that there was a new window that had popped up in my mind, and it was like a little bird's-eye view of the landscape that I was walking through, and I was a little red dot that was moving across the landscape. That's the way words are, too. VEDANTAM: So I find that I'm often directionally and navigationally challenged when I'm driving around, and I often get my east-west mixed up with my left-right for reasons I have never been able to fathom. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: (Speaking foreign language). But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: (Speaking foreign language). How else would you do it? If you're like most people, you probably abandoned those resolutions within a few weeks. So you have speakers of two different languages look at the same event and come away with different memories of what happened because of the structure of their languages and the way they would normally describe them. Maybe they like the same kinds of food, or enjoy the same hobbies. There are different ways to be a psychologist. JENNIFER GEACONE-CRUZ: My name is Jennifer Geacone-Cruz. But what if there's a whole category of people in your life whose impact is overlooked? Just go to the magnifying glass in the top right corner, click on it, and use the search function at the top of the page. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways w, Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. And as odd as that sounds, I can guarantee you if you watch any TV show with women under a certain age or if you just go out on an American street and listen, you'll find that that's a new kind of exclamatory particle. Subscribe: iOS | Android | Spotify | RSS | Amazon | Stitcher Latest Episodes: Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button So in terms of the size of differences, there are certainly effects that are really, really big. He's a professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University and the author of the book "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". So in English, I might say that Sam (ph) broke the flute. Well, that's an incredibly large set of things, so that's a very broad effect of language. This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and ho, Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. Hidden Brain (podcast) - Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam - Listen Notes GEACONE-CRUZ: And you're at home in your pajamas, all nice and cuddly and maybe watching Netflix or something. : The Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Benefits of Sharing Positive Events, Perceived Partner Responsiveness as an Organizing Construct in the Study of Intimacy and Closeness, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. BORODITSKY: Yeah. You can't smell or taste time. That's how much cultural heritage is lost. And to arrive in a new place where you can't tell a joke and can't express an idea - oh, it's just really painful because you feel like your whole self is hiding inside and no one can see it. VEDANTAM: One of the things I found really interesting is that the evolution of words and language is constant. And I don't think any of us are thinking that it's a shame that we're not using the language of Beowulf. The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. What Do You Do When Things Go Right? VEDANTAM: Time is another concept that is also central to the way we see and describe the world. al (Eds. something, even though it shouldn't be so much of an effort. My big fat greek wedding, an american woman of greek ancestry falls in love with a very vanilla, american man. But what if it's not even about lust? If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As character) If you're so upset about it, maybe you can think of a way to help her. It's never happened. You know, there's no left leg or right leg. But I think that we should learn not to listen to people using natural language as committing errors because there's no such thing as making a mistake in your language if a critical mass of other people speaking your language are doing the same thing. We'll also look at how languages evolve, and why we're sometimes resistant to those changes. BORODITSKY: And when they were trying to act like Wednesday, they would act like a woman BORODITSKY: Which accords with grammatical gender in Russian. In this favorite episode from 2021, Cornell University psychologist Anthony Burrow explains why purpose isnt something to be found its something we can develop from within. So we did an analysis of images in Artstor. So you can't see time. For more of our Relationships 2.0 series, check out one of our most popular episodes ever about why marriages are so hard. After claiming your Listen Notes podcast pages, you will be able to: Respond to listener comments on Listen Notes, Use speech-to-text techniques to transcribe your show and FAQ | Hidden Brain Media So act like Monday. Hidden Brain. You can find all Hidden Brain episodes on our website. You're not going to do trigonometry. It Takes Two: The Interpersonal Nature of Empathic Accuracy, What Do You Do When Things Go Right?

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